Second Grade Standards of Learning

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English | Math | Science | Social Studies

English

Oral Language

2.1 The student will demonstrate an understanding of oral language structure.

  • Create oral stories to share with others.
  • Create and participate in oral dramatic activities.
  • Use correct verb tenses in oral communication.
  • Use increasingly complex sentence structures in oral communication.

2.2 The student will continue to expand listening and speaking vocabularies.

  • Use words that reflect a growing range of interests and knowledge.
  • Clarify and explain words and ideas orally.
  • Follow oral directions with three or four steps.
  • Give three-step and four-step directions.
  • Identify and use synonyms and antonyms in oral communication.

2.3 The student will use oral communication skills.

  • Use oral language for different purposes: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain.
  • Share stories or information orally with an audience.
  • Participate as a contributor and leader in a group.
  • Summarize information shared orally by others.

Reading

2.4 The student will use phonetic strategies when reading and spelling.

  • Use knowledge of consonants, consonant blends, and consonant digraphs to decode and spell words.
  • Use knowledge of short, long, and r-controlled vowel patterns to decode and spell words.
  • Decode regular multisyllabic words.

2.5 The student will use meaning clues and language structure when reading.

  • Use information in the story to read words.
  • Use knowledge of sentence structure.
  • Use knowledge of story structure and sequence.

2.6 The student will use language structure to expand vocabulary when reading.

  • Use knowledge of prefixes and suffixes.
  • Use knowledge of contractions and singular possessives.
  • Use knowledge of simple abbreviations.
  • Use knowledge of antonyms and synonyms.

2.7 The student will read fiction and nonfiction, using a variety of strategies independently.

  • Preview the selection by using pictures, diagrams, titles, and headings.
  • Set purpose for reading.
  • Read stories, poems, and passages with fluency and expression.
  • Reread and self-correct when necessary.

2.8 The student will read and demonstrate comprehension of fiction and nonfiction.

  • Make predictions about content.
  • Read to confirm predictions.
  • Relate previous experiences to the topic.
  • Ask and answer questions about what is read.
  • Locate information to answer questions.
  • Describe characters, setting, and important events in fiction and poetry.
  • Identify the problem, solution, and main idea.

2.9 The student will demonstrate comprehension of information in reference materials.

  • Use a table of contents.
  • Use pictures and charts.
  • Use dictionaries and indices.

Writing

2.10 The student will maintain manuscript and begin to make the transition to cursive.

2.11 The student will write stories, letters, and simple explanations.

  • Generate ideas before writing.
  • Organize writing to include a beginning, middle, and end.
  • Revise writing for clarity.
  • Use available technology.

2.12 The student will edit writing for correct grammar, capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.

  • Recognize and use complete sentences.
  • Use and punctuate declarative, interrogative, and exclamatory sentences.
  • Capitalize all proper nouns and the word I.
  • Use singular and plural nouns and pronouns.
  • Use apostrophes in contractions, including don’t, isn’t, and can’t.
  • Use correct spelling for high-frequency sight words, including compound words and regular plurals.

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Mathematics

Number and Number Sense

2.1 The student will

  • read, write, and identify the place value of each digit in a three-digit numeral, using
    numeration models
  • round two-digit numbers to the nearest ten.

2.2 The student will compare two whole numbers between 0 and 999, using symbols (>, <, or =) and words (greater than, less than, or equal to).

2.3 The student will identify the ordinal positions first through twentieth, using an ordered set of objects.

2.4 The student will identify the part of a set and/or region that represents fractions for one-half,
one-third, one-fourth, one-eighth, and one-tenth and write the corresponding fraction.

2.5 The student will

  • count forward by twos, fives, and tens to 100, starting at various multiples of 2, 5, or 10, using mental mathematics, paper and pencil, hundred chart, calculators, and/or concrete objects, as appropriate;
  • count backward by tens from 100;
  • group objects by threes and fours;
  • recognize even and odd numbers, using objects.

Computation and Estimation

2.6 The student will recall basic addition facts — i.e., sums to 18 or less — and the corresponding subtraction facts.

2.7 The student, given two whole numbers whose sum is 99 or less, will

  • estimate the sum
  • find the sum, using various methods of calculation (mental computation, concrete materials, and paper and pencil)

2.8 The student, given two whole numbers, each of which is 99 or less, will

  • estimate the difference
  • find the difference, using various methods of calculation (mental computation, concrete materials, and paper and pencil).

2.9 The student will create and solve one-step addition and subtraction problems using data from simple tables, picture graphs, bar graphs, and practical situations.

2.10 The student, given a simple addition or subtraction fact, will recognize and describe the related facts which represent and describe the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., 3 + __ = 7, ___ + 3 = 7; 7 – 3 = __, and 7 – __ = 3).

Measurement

2.11 The student will

  • count and compare a collection of pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters whose total value is $2.00 or less
  • identify the correct usage of the cent symbol (¢), dollar symbol ($), and decimal point (.).

2.12 The student will estimate and then use a ruler to make linear measurements to the nearest centimeter and inch, including measuring the distance around a polygon in order to determine perimeter.

2.13 The student, given grid paper, will estimate and then count the number of square units needed to cover a given surface in order to determine area.

2.14 The student will estimate and then count the number of cubes in a rectangular box in order to determine volume.

2.15 The student will estimate and then determine weight/mass of familiar objects in pounds and/or kilograms, using a scale.

2.16 The student will tell and write time to the quarter hour, using analog and digital clocks.

2.17 The student will use actual measuring devices to compare metric and U.S. Customary units (cups, pints, quarts, gallons, and liters) for measuring liquid volume, using the concepts of more, less, and equivalent.

2.18 The student will

  • use calendar language appropriately (e.g., months, today, yesterday, next week, last
    week);
    determine past and future days of the week; and
    identify specific dates on a given calendar.

2.19 The student will read the temperature on a Celsius and/or Fahrenheit thermometer to the nearest 10 degrees.

Geometry

2.20 The student will identify, describe, and sort three-dimensional (solid) concrete figures, including a cube, rectangular solid (prism), square pyramid, sphere, cylinder, and cone, according to the number and shape of the solid’s faces, edges, and corners.

2.21 The student will identify and create figures, symmetric along a line, using various concrete materials.

2.22 The student will compare and contrast plane and solid geometric shapes (circle/sphere, square/cube, and rectangle/rectangular solid).

Probability and Statistics

2.23 The student will read, construct, and interpret a simple picture and bar graph.

2.24 The student will record data from experiments, using spinners and colored tiles/cubes, and use the data to predict which of two events is more likely to occur if the experiment is repeated.

Patterns, Functions, and Algebra

2.25 The student will identify, create, and extend a wide variety of patterns, using numbers concrete objects and pictures.

2.26 The student will solve problems by completing a numerical sentence involving the basic facts for addition and subtraction. Examples include: 3 + __ = 7, or 9 – __ = 2. Students will create story problems, using the numerical sentences.

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Science

Scientific Investigation, Reasoning, and Logic

2.1 The student will conduct investigations in which

  • observation is differentiated from personal interpretation, and conclusions are drawn based on observations;
  • observations are repeated to ensure accuracy;
  • two or more attributes are used to classify items;
  • conditions that influence a change are defined;
  • length, volume, mass, and temperature measurements are made in metric (centimeters, meters, liters, degrees Celsius, grams, kilograms) and standard English units (inches, feet, yards, cups, pints, quarts, gallons, degrees Fahrenheit, ounces, pounds);
  • pictures and bar graphs are constructed using numbered axes;
  • unexpected or unusual quantitative data are recognized;
  • simple physical models are constructed.

Force, Motion, and Energy

2.2 The student will investigate and understand that natural and artificial magnets have certain characteristics and attract specific types of metals. Key concepts include

  • magnetism, iron, magnetic/nonmagnetic, poles, attract/repel;
  • important applications including the magnetic compass.

Matter

2.3 The student will investigate and understand basic properties of solids, liquids, and gases. Key concepts include

  • mass and volume;
  • processes involved with changes in matter from one state to another (condensation, evaporation, melting, and freezing).

Life Processes

2.4 The student will investigate and understand that plants and animals undergo a series of orderly changes in their life cycles. Key concepts include

  • some animals (frogs and butterflies) undergo distinct stages during their lives while others generally resemble their parents;
  • flowering plants undergo many changes from the formation of the flower to the development of the fruit.

Living Systems

2.5 The student will investigate and understand that living things are part of a system. Key concepts include

  • living organisms are interdependent with their living and nonliving surroundings;
  • habitats change over time due to many influences.

Interrelationships in Earth/Space Systems

The student will investigate and understand basic types, changes, and patterns of weather. Key concepts include

  • temperature, wind, precipitation, drought, flood, and storms;
  • the uses and importance of measuring and recording weather data.

Earth Patterns, Cycles, and Change

2.7 The student will investigate and understand that weather and seasonal changes affect plants, animals, and their surroundings. Key concepts include

  • effects on growth and behavior of living things (migration, hibernation, camouflage, adaptation, dormancy);
  • weathering and erosion of the land surface.

Resources

2.8 The student will investigate and understand that plants produce oxygen and food, are a source of useful products, and provide benefits in nature. Key concepts include

  • important plant products (fiber, cotton, oil, spices, lumber, rubber, medicines, and paper);
  • the availability of plant products affects the development of a geographic area;
  • plants provide homes and food for many animals and prevent soil from washing away.

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Social Studies

History

2.1 The student will explain how the contributions of ancient China and Egypt have influenced the present world in terms of architecture, inventions, the calendar, and written language.

2.2 The student will compare the lives and contributions of American Indians (First Americans), with emphasis on the Powhatan of the Eastern Woodlands, the Sioux of the Plains, and the Pueblo people of the Southwest.

2.3 The student will identify and compare changes in community life over time in terms of buildings, jobs, transportation, and population.

Geography

2.4 The student will develop map skills by

  • locating China and Egypt on world maps;
  • locating the regions of the Powhatan, Sioux, and Pueblo Indians on United States maps;
  • comparing the climate, land, and plant life of these regions;
  • describing how people in these regions adapt to their environment.

2.5 The student will develop map skills by

  • locating the equator, the seven continents, and the four oceans on maps and globes;
  • locating selected rivers (James River, Mississippi River, Rio Grande), mountain ranges (Appalachian Mountains and Rocky Mountains), and lakes (Great Lakes) in the United States.

2.6 The student will demonstrate map skills by constructing simple maps, using title, map legend, and compass rose.

Economics

2.7 The student will describe the differences between natural resources (water, soil, wood, and coal), human resources (people at work), and capital resources (machines, tools, and buildings).

2.8 The student will distinguish between the use of barter and money in the exchange for goods and services.

2.9 The student will explain that scarcity (limited resources) requires people to make choices about producing and consuming goods and services.

Civics

2.10 The student will explain the responsibilities of a good citizen, with emphasis on

  • respecting and protecting the rights and property of others;
  • taking part in the voting process when making classroom decisions;
  • describing actions that can improve the school and community;
  • demonstrating self-discipline and self-reliance;
  • practicing honesty and trustworthiness.

2.11 The student will identify George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Susan B. Anthony, Helen Keller, Jackie Robinson, and Martin Luther King, Jr. as Americans whose contributions improved the lives of other Americans.

2.12 The student will understand that the United States is a land of people who have diverse ethnic origins, customs, and traditions, who make contributions to their communities, and who are united as Americans by common principles.

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